Ptyalism/Pseudoptyalism

 

유연증(Ptyalism)과 Pseudoptyalism의 감별진단 목록(Dr. Julie Allen, BVMS, MS, MRCVS, DACVIM (SAIM), DACVP)을 소개합니다. Ptyalism과 pseudoptyalism의 감별은 보통 쉽지 않은데, 특히 oropharyngeal질병과 CNS질병에서는 타액 생산의 증가와 연하곤란 모두로 인해 나타날 수 있다.

 

1.    GI condition

A.    Abdominal pain (from visceral stretching)

B.      Disease associated with nausea

C.    Esophageal disease (reflux esophagitis, megaesophagus, foreign body, neoplasia, stricture, spirocercosis)

D.    Gastric dilatation volvulus

E.      Gastric ulceration

F.      Hepatic failure (hepatic encephalopathy), particularly in cats

G.    Hiatal hernia

H.    Renal failure



2.    Idiopathic or nonresponsive condition



3.    Neurologic condition

A.    Facial nerve paralysis

B.      Idiopathic trigeminal neuritis

C.    Infectious disease (rabies, pseudorabies, tetanus, botulism)

D.    Lesions of cranial nerves IX, X, or XII

E.      Myasthenia gravis

F.      Nausea from vestibular disease

G.    Seizures



4.    Oral cavity or maxillofacial cause

A.    Craniomandibular osteopathy

B.      Faucitis

C.    Foreign body

D.    Immune-mediated disease (masticatory muscle myositis, pemphigus)

E.      Lip fold abnormalities

F.      Mandibular fracture

G.    Oropharyngeal neoplasia (tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma)

H.    Oropharyngeal trauma (laceration)

I.      Periodontal disease

J.      Stomatitis (calicivirus, herpesvirus, FeLV/FIV, caustic agent, electrical burn, ulceration secondary to systemic disease [uremia])

K.    Temporomandibular joint luxation or fracture

L.      Tongue lesion (linear foreign body), glossitis (uremia, caustic agent, electrical burn), or tumor



5.    Physiologic reaction

A.    Excitement

B.      Hyperthermia

C.    Purring

D.    Response to feeding



6.    Reaction to medication

A.    Anesthesia

B.      Avermectins (eg, ivermectin, moxidectin/imidacloprid, selamectin) given topically or PO

C.    Bitter drugs

D.    Cholinergic drugs (eg, bethanechol), anticholinesterase drugs (pyridostigmine), cholinesterase inhibitors (organophosphates)

E.      Pancreatic enzyme supplements

F.      Pyrethrins/pyrethroids

7.    Salivary gland condition

A.    Foreign body

B.      Salivary gland neoplasia

C.    Salivary mucocele

D.    Sialadenitis or necrotizing sialometaplasia (inflammation of the salivary glands)

E.      Sialadenosis (idiopathic, noninflammatory salivary gland enlargement) ?May be a form of limbic epilepsy

F.      Sialolithiasis



8.    Sepsis



9.    Toxicosis

A.    5-hydroxytryptophan (Griffonia seed extract)

B.      Bite from a venomous animal (black widow spider, scorpion, toad [Bufo spp], coral snake, sea hare [Aplysia spp])

C.    Household cleaner

D.    Human sleep aid (zolpidem)

E.      Human tricyclic antidepressant (clozapine)

F.      Illicit drug (cocaine, amphetamine)

G.    Insecticide/pesticide (boric acid, aldicarb)

H.    Metaldehyde

I.      Mushroom (Amanita muscaria)

J.      Plant/tree (Kentucky coffee tree, poinsettia)

K.    Rodenticide (zinc phosphide)